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Development of dimensionless P-I diagram for curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed

Yonghui WANG, Ximei ZHAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1432-1445 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0566-y

摘要： The curved steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich shell was recently proposed to resist blast loading and it showed better blast resistant performance as compared to flat SCS sandwich shell via developing compressive force along the shell. In this paper, a dimensionless Pressure-Impulse (P-I) diagram was constructed as a convenient tool to predict the damage level of curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed blast loading. The curved SCS sandwich shell was equivalent to a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and the equation of motion was established by employing the Lagrange’s equation. To construct the dimensionless P-I diagram, the energy balance method was utilized to yield the pressure and impulse asymptotes and the responses in the dynamic response regime were obtained via employing the SDOF method. Then, the finite element method was employed to validate the developed dimensionless P-I diagram. Finally, the procedures of using the constructed dimensionless P-I diagram to quickly conduct the blast resistant design of curved SCS sandwich shell were presented.

关键词： blast loading curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich shell Pressure-Impulse diagram single-degree-of-freedom method finite element analysis

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Unit commitment using dynamic programming–an exhaustive working of both classical and stochastic approach

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN, Surbhi SIKRI, K. S. SWARUP, D. P. KOTHARI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 333-341 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0259-5

摘要： In the present electricity market, where renewable energy power plants have been included in the power systems, there is a lot of unpredictability in the demand and generation. There are many conventional and evolutionary programming techniques used for solving the unit commitment (UC) problem. Dynamic programming (DP) is a conventional algorithm used to solve the deterministic problem. In this paper DP is used to solve the stochastic model of UC problem. The stochastic modeling for load and generation side has been formulated using an approximate state decision approach. The programs were developed in a MATLAB environment and were extensively tested for a four-unit eight-hour system. The results obtained from these techniques were validated with the available literature and outcome was good. The commitment is in such a way that the total cost is minimal. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that DP is used for solving the stochastic UC problem.

关键词： unit commitment (UC) deterministic stochastic dynamic programming (DP) optimization state diagram

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完全信息价值的影响图求解法及其应用

刘艳琼,陈英武

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第8期页码 45-49

摘要：

指出了翻转决策树法求解完全信息价值时可能存在问题的根本原因，提出完全信息价值在影响图中的本质表现为信息弧，并对Howard正则型影响图定义进行修正，进而系统分析了两种不同情形下基于影响图求解完全信息价值的思路。最后举例说明。

关键词：完全信息价值影响图 Howard正则型

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Design and optimization of reactive distillation: a review

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 799-818 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2128-9

摘要： Reactive distillation process, a representative process intensification technology, has been widely applied in the chemical industry. However, due to the strong interaction between reaction and separation, the extension of reactive distillation technology is restricted by the difficulties in process analysis and design. To overcome this problem, the design and optimization of reactive distillation have been widely studied and illustrated for plenty of reactive mixtures over the past three decades. These design and optimization methods of the reactive distillation process are classified into three categories: graphical, optimization-based, and evolutionary/heuristic methods. The primary objective of this article is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing design and optimization methods. Desired and output information, advantages and limitations of each method are stated, the modification and development for original methodologies are also reviewed. Perspectives on future research on the design and optimization of reactive distillation method are proposed for further research.

关键词： reactive distillation process intensification design method reactive phase diagram optimization algorithm

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Urban constructed wetlands: Assessing ecosystem services and disservices for safe, resilient, and sustainable cities

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 582-596 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0268-y

摘要： Climate change and rapid urbanization are pressing environmental and social concerns, with approximately 56% of the global population living in urban areas. This number is expected to rise to 68% by 2050, leading to the expansion of cities and encroachment upon natural areas, including wetlands, causing their degradation and fragmentation. To mitigate these challenges, green and blue infrastructures (GBIs), such as constructed wetlands, have been proposed to emulate and replace the functions of natural wetlands. This study evaluates the potential of eight constructed wetlands near Beijing, China, focusing on their ecosystem services (ESs), cost savings related to human health, growing/maintenance expenses, and disservices using an emergy-based assessment procedure. The results indicate that all constructed wetlands effectively purify wastewater, reducing nutrient concentrations (e.g., total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids). Among the studied wetlands, the integrated vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW-4) demonstrates the highest wastewater purification capability (1.63E+14 sej/m²/yr) compared to other types (6.78E+13 and 2.08E+13 sej/m²/yr). Additionally, constructed wetlands contribute to flood mitigation, groundwater recharge, wildlife habitat protection, and carbon sequestration, resembling the functions of natural wetlands. However, the implementation of constructed wetlands in cities is not without challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions, green waste management, mosquito issues, and disturbances in the surrounding urban areas, negatively impacting residents. The ternary phase diagram reveals that all constructed wetlands provide more benefits than costs and impacts. CW-4 shows the highest benefit‒cost ratio, reaching 50%, while free water surface constructed wetland (CW-3) exhibits the lowest benefits (approximately 38%), higher impacts (approximately 25%), and lower costs (approximately 37%) compared to other wetlands. The study advocates the use of an emergy approach as a reliable method to assess the quality of constructed wetlands, providing valuable insights for policymakers in selecting suitable constructed wetlands for effective urban ecological management.

关键词： constructed wetland emergy ecosystem services disservices ternary diagram

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Study on wave rotor refrigerators

Yuqiang DAI, Dapeng HU, Meixia DING

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 83-87 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0075-y

摘要： As a novel generation of a rotational gas wave machine, the wave rotor refrigerator (WRR) is an unsteady flow device used for refrigeration, in whose passages pressured streams directly contact and exchange energy due to the movement of pressure waves. In this paper, the working mechanism and refrigeration principle are investigated based on the one-dimensional unsteady flow theory. A basic limitation on main structural parameters and operating parameters is deduced and the wave diagram of WRR to guide designing is sketched. The main influential factors are studied through an experiment. In the DUT Gas Wave Refrigeration Studying and Development Center (GWRSDC) lab, the isentropic efficiency can now reach about 65%. The results show that the WRR is a feasible and promising technology in pressured gas refrigeration cases.

关键词： wave rotor refrigeration unsteady flow theory wave diagram

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Advances in tissue state recognition in spinal surgery: a review

Hao Qu, Yu Zhao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 575-584 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0816-3

摘要： Spinal disease is an important cause of cervical discomfort, low back pain, radiating pain in the limbs, and neurogenic intermittent claudication, and its incidence is increasing annually. From the etiological viewpoint, these symptoms are directly caused by the compression of the spinal cord, nerve roots, and blood vessels and are most effectively treated with surgery. Spinal surgeries are primarily performed using two different techniques: spinal canal decompression and internal fixation. In the past, tactile sensation was the primary method used by surgeons to understand the state of the tissue within the operating area. However, this method has several disadvantages because of its subjectivity. Therefore, it has become the focus of spinal surgery research so as to strengthen the objectivity of tissue state recognition, improve the accuracy of safe area location, and avoid surgical injury to tissues. Aside from traditional imaging methods, surgical sensing techniques based on force, bioelectrical impedance, and other methods have been gradually developed and tested in the clinical setting. This article reviews the progress of different tissue state recognition methods in spinal surgery and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages.

关键词： spinal surgery tissue state recognition image force sensing bioelectrical impedance

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Effectiveness of state incentives for promoting wind energy: A panel data examination

Deepak SANGROYA,Jogendra NAYAK

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 247-258 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0364-8

摘要： Over the last decade, India has started to concentrate earnestly on renewable energy. The Indian government, as well as different state governments, are adopting policy instruments such as feed in tariff, captive consumption, renewable purchase obligation and generation based incentive etc. aimed at renewable energy development. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of state level incentives for the development of wind energy in India. Fixed effect panel data modelling technique of econometric analysis is used to analyse the data of 26 Indian states in 11 years. The results show that feed in tariff and captive consumption are the significant predictors of wind energy development. However, renewable purchase obligation does not affect wind energy significantly.

关键词： India wind energy development state incentives econometric analysis panel data

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Digital image correlation-based structural state detection through deep learning

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 45-56 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0777-x

摘要： This paper presents a new approach for automatical classification of structural state through deep learning. In this work, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was designed to fuse both the feature extraction and classification blocks into an intelligent and compact learning system and detect the structural state of a steel frame; the input was a series of vibration signals, and the output was a structural state. The digital image correlation (DIC) technology was utilized to collect vibration information of an actual steel frame, and subsequently, the raw signals, without further pre-processing, were directly utilized as the CNN samples. The results show that CNN can achieve 99% classification accuracy for the research model. Besides, compared with the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), the CNN had an accuracy similar to that of the BPNN, but it only consumes 19% of the training time. The outputs of the convolution and pooling layers were visually displayed and discussed as well. It is demonstrated that: 1) the CNN can extract the structural state information from the vibration signals and classify them; 2) the detection and computational performance of the CNN for the incomplete data are better than that of the BPNN; 3) the CNN has better anti-noise ability.

关键词： structural state detection deep learning digital image correlation vibration signal steel frame

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Biological pretreatment of corn stover by solid state fermentation of

Jian ZHANG, Xin REN, Wenqun CHEN, Jie BAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 146-151 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1220-6

摘要： Biological pretreatment is a promising way to overcome the biorecalcitrance of cleaving the supermolecular structure of lignocellulose by lignin degrading enzymes from microorganisms. Solid state fermentation of corn stover with the white-rot fungus was carried out and the efficiency of this pretreatment was evaluated. The enzymatic hydrolysis yield reached a maximum when the corn stover was biologically pretreated for nine days, and the hydrolysis yield decreased sharply if the solid state fermentation was carried out for more than nine days. A possible explanation for this sharp decrease is that not only the lignin degrading enzymes (LiP and MnP) were secreted, but also other metabolites, which were toxic or fatal to the hydrolysis enzymes resulting in the lower hydrolysis yield were generated during the prolonged period of biopretreatment. These results are useful to help determine the optimal timing and to understand the lignin structure and degradation mechanism in biological pretreatment processes.

关键词： biological pretreatment Phanerochaete chrysosporium solid state fermentation biorecalcitrance hydrolysis yield

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Development of a constitutive model for rockfills and similar granular materials based on the disturbed state

Mehdi VEISKARAMI, Ali GHORBANI, Mohammadreza ALAVIPOUR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 365-378 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0178-2

摘要： Behavior of rockfills was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A series of standard triaxial compression tests were carried out on a quarried rockfill material at different stress levels. It was found that both the stress level and the shear stress ratio, like most of granular materials, controls the behavior of rockfill materials. At lower shear stress ratios the behavior is much more similar to a nonlinear elastic solid. When the shear stress goes further, the stress-strain curve shows an elasto-plastic behavior which suggests using the disturbed state concept to develop a constitutive model to predict the stress-strain behavior. The presented constitutive model complies reasonably with the experimental data.

关键词： constitutive model granular material rockfill plasticity disturbed state concept stress level

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Machine learning and neural network supported state of health simulation and forecasting model for lithium-ion

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0891-7

摘要： As the intersection of disciplines deepens, the field of battery modeling is increasingly employing various artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to improve the efficiency of battery management and enhance the stability and reliability of battery operation. This paper reviews the value of AI methods in lithium-ion battery health management and in particular analyses the application of machine learning (ML), one of the many branches of AI, to lithium-ion battery state of health (SOH), focusing on the advantages and strengths of neural network (NN) methods in ML for lithium-ion battery SOH simulation and prediction. NN is one of the important branches of ML, in which the application of NNs such as backpropagation NN, convolutional NN, and long short-term memory NN in SOH estimation of lithium-ion batteries has received wide attention. Reports so far have shown that the utilization of NN to model the SOH of lithium-ion batteries has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, high robustness, and scalable models. In the future, NN can make a greater contribution to lithium-ion battery management by, first, utilizing more field data to play a more practical role in health feature screening and model building, and second, by enhancing the intelligent screening and combination of battery parameters to characterize the actual lithium-ion battery SOH to a greater extent. The in-depth application of NN in lithium-ion battery SOH will certainly further enhance the science, reliability, stability, and robustness of lithium-ion battery management.

关键词： machine learning lithium-ion battery state of health neural network artificial intelligence

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Calculation on phase diagrams of polyetherimide/

Ming TAN,Gaohong HE,Yan DAI,Rujie WANG,Wenhua SHI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 312-319 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1434-x

摘要： The ternary phase diagrams of polyetherimide (PEI)/ , -dimethylacetamide (DMAc) with H O and BuOH as non-solvent were simulated using solubility parameter and Flory-Huggins theory. The phase diagrams show that 5.5% H O/BuOH system containing 5% BuOH and 0.5% H O, or 6.5% H O/BuOH system containing 6.2% BuOH and 0.3% H O is required to induce liquid-liquid demixing for 20 wt-% PEI/DMAc casting solution. Therefore, BuOH can enhance the phase separation of the PEI casting solution and hereby induce higher porosity of the membrane, and the diffusion of BuOH into the water coagulation bath causes larger pore size easily compared with DMAc. Our predictions that the membrane pure water flux first increases then decreases, and the rejection ratio of bovine serum albumin decreases with the increasing concentration of BuOH were validated by the experiments using the prepared membranes.

关键词： phase diagram solubility parameter interaction parameter ultrafiltration Flory-Huggins theory

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Construction Duration and Cost Simulation via Network-Program-Diagram

Wei-dong Wang,Jie Wu,Kai-jun Wang,Xin Wen

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 210-217 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014028

摘要： This paper outlines the creation of a simulation model used to extrapolate duration and resource requirements needed for the construction of bridges based on a sampling of data obtained during a field research conducted on the construction process of a single bridge. A sampling of statistical data was taken during a field investigation to measure schedule and resource requirements (labor, raw materials and machinery) at various stages of a bridge construction project. This data was used to identify the probability distribution and the associated parameters for the project examined, and a simulation model was built to extrapolate the necessary schedule and resource requirements needed for various stages of similar bridge projects based on Three-Point Estimation Method of Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Monte Carlo Method. This simulation model’s resultant data for every process in an applicable construction project can be aggregated to form overall project duration and resource requirement statistical distribution using the Critical Path Method (CPM). The whole construction process will be visualized by a 4-dimensional (4D) model of the project which is created by appending time and resource requirements and to the 3-dimensional (3D) model that is built using the Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Alternativa 3D technology. Based on the simulation results of every procedure’s duration and resource requirements, the Network Program Diagram and Gantt Chart can be drawn with Flex and ActionScript language. Furthermore, with the Network Program Diagram at the core, the 4D model can incorporate simulation’s resultant data with respect to total time and cost of the project to show the condition of resource requirements and the project’s progressing at any time.

关键词： construction duration construction cost activity-on-node diagram building information modeling

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Firm Innovation Systems: Perspectives of Researches on State-owned Key Enterprises

Jin Chen,Shu-fang Huang,Qing-rui Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 64-70 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015017

摘要： Based on the origin of the innovation theory and the technological innovation models of Rothwell, this paper puts forward four-generations of evolutionary models using the firm innovation system: “Internal R&D-Oriented Innovation System”, “Internal and External Collaborative Innovation System”, “Highly Strategic-Oriented Innovation System” and “Ecological Innovation System”. This paper dwells on the characteristics and relationship between each innovation system, and the role in the enterprise innovation especially the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation, so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the design and improvement of the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation system.

关键词： firm innovation system state-owned key enterprises ecology evolution